THC and its Impact: Understanding the Risks

A significant point to note is that conclusive evidence on many aspects of marijuana is lacking. Classified as a Schedule I drug in the U.S., research is limited, relying heavily on observational studies rather than controlled trials. This gap has become more pronounced as cannabis potency has increased over the years.

“A lot of our understanding of cannabis, unfortunately, is shaped more by opinion than by solid scientific evidence,” states Joao De Aquino, MD, an assistant professor at Yale University School of Medicine.

Nevertheless, researchers have gathered substantial knowledge regarding marijuana's psychological impacts, which we will explore further. Recently, new findings have emerged concerning its physical health implications.

Heart Health Concerns

A study published on February 28 in the Journal of the American Heart Association revealed that daily marijuana use, primarily through smoking, correlates with a 25% increased risk of heart attacks and a 42% higher risk of strokes compared to non-users. Those who used cannabis weekly exhibited significantly lower risks of 3% and 5%, respectively.

The researchers concluded that any form of cannabis consumption—be it smoked, eaten, or vaporized—was linked to a higher incidence of adverse cardiovascular events, including coronary heart disease and stroke. These findings stemmed from a survey involving 430,000 U.S. adults and, while they do not establish causation, they highlight a concerning correlation.

“We recognize that harmful substances are released when cannabis is combusted, similar to tobacco smoke,” explained Abra Jeffers, PhD, a data analyst at Massachusetts General Hospital. “Cannabis smoke poses significant cardiovascular risks akin to those associated with tobacco.”

In addition, Canadian adults with cannabis use disorder face a 60% increased risk of major cardiovascular events, and a separate study indicated that marijuana users were three times more likely to develop peripheral artery disease.

Lung Health and Other Risks

Marijuana smoke has been shown to harm lung health, leading to increased phlegm production, coughing, and wheezing, according to the American Lung Association. Moreover, marijuana smokers typically inhale more deeply and hold their breath longer than those who smoke cigarettes, resulting in higher exposure to tar.

While not everyone consumes cannabis through smoking, the effects—both positive and negative—can still manifest regardless of the method of intake, particularly concerning cognitive changes.

This video discusses a recent study indicating that marijuana use among adults aged 18-44 could lead to a heightened risk of heart attacks.

Cognitive and Psychological Effects

Those familiar with cannabis are likely aware of its profound impact on the brain. One of the longstanding inquiries pertains to the duration of these effects. Research suggests that they can persist for an extended period.

The endocannabinoid system, composed of various molecules throughout the brain and body, regulates many neurological functions. THC, the primary psychoactive component in marijuana, mimics these endocannabinoids and binds to the brain's cannabinoid receptors. This process stimulates the release of dopamine and other chemicals associated with pleasure.

While experts agree that cannabis is not as inherently dangerous as hard drugs like heroin or cocaine, its effects on the brain are serious. Heavy use can lead to significant impairments.

What Happens if You Smoke Pot All Day Every Day?

A review of 124 studies published in 2021 revealed that chronic marijuana use is linked to an increased risk of psychosis and negatively affects cognitive function and motivation. The research suggests that frequency of use, THC content, age of onset, and cumulative exposure all contribute to these adverse outcomes, especially in individuals without pre-existing conditions.

Repercussions for Young Users

Although marijuana is not classified as addictive, experts recognize that its use can lead to what is termed "marijuana use disorder." Young adults, whose brains are still developing, are especially susceptible to permanent alterations.

Brain-imaging studies have indicated that heavy cannabis use during adolescence can lead to lasting changes in mental circuitry, possibly affecting cognitive abilities. A study from New Zealand found that teenagers who regularly smoked marijuana lost an average of 8 IQ points by the time they reached 38.

A New Era of Potency

For those revisiting marijuana after a long hiatus, it’s essential to understand that today’s cannabis is not what it used to be. The potency has surged dramatically over the past three decades—from an average THC content of around 4% in 1995 to approximately 17% by 2017.

Interestingly, cannabis-related emergency room visits among older adults in California have skyrocketed, from 366 in 2005 to over 12,000 in 2019. As Benjamin Han, MD, points out, many older individuals mistakenly believe they won’t experience adverse side effects from cannabis, underestimating its potency and their increased sensitivity.

In conclusion, while marijuana has a variety of consumption methods beyond smoking, including edibles and oils, the implications of its use are complex. The ongoing research into cannabis is bound to be controversial, and it is crucial to distinguish between anecdotal accounts and scientific findings. The studies outlined here, despite their limitations, provide valuable insights into the benefits and risks associated with this powerful psychoactive substance.

Related: The Truth About Cannabis and Sleep

This video delves into the recent findings on the impact of smoking marijuana on lung health and overall physical wellness.