Understanding Cardiovascular Disease: Key Factors to Consider
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious concern, with a death occurring every 36 seconds in the United States, according to 2018 data from the American Heart Association. Globally, the World Health Organization reports that CVD accounts for approximately 17.9 million deaths annually, making it the leading cause of mortality worldwide. This statistic highlights the urgency of understanding the various factors that contribute to CVD.
The complexity of CVD arises from numerous underlying factors, and a comprehensive understanding requires repeated exploration of these elements. This article will delve into four key components associated with CVD: cholesterol, collagen, consumption, and clotting.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol itself isn't the primary villain often portrayed by health professionals. Focusing solely on cholesterol management may lead us to overlook the broader context of heart health. The real issue lies in the oxidation of cholesterol-laden lipoproteins, particularly when they transform into low-density lipoproteins (LDL).
LDL has a long lifespan within the body, making it susceptible to oxidative changes. When oxidized, it becomes oxLDL, triggering an inflammatory response that attracts macrophages to eliminate it. However, as these immune cells consume oxLDL, they produce more CD36 receptors, prompting them to ingest even greater amounts of oxLDL. This cycle leads to the formation of foam cells, which eventually accumulate and adhere to artery walls, becoming trapped in a collagen matrix.
Collagen
Known for its structural role in joints, collagen also plays a significant part in the development of atherosclerotic plaques by sealing off groups of foam cells. This accumulation can be detected through angiograms, which reveal blocked arteries. Although collagen is a resilient material, it can be compromised by foam cells that produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to escape their confinement, much like prisoners seeking freedom.
Consumption
The rate at which collagen is consumed is critical, as it can deteriorate to the point where it can no longer contain the foam cells. The inflammation caused by necrotic foam cells enhances MMP production, leading to further attempts at escape. Once freed, these cells can swiftly enter the bloodstream, where they may contribute to clot formation.
Clotting
The formation of a clot in a major artery poses serious risks. If it obstructs blood flow to the heart, a heart attack may ensue. Alternatively, if it travels to the brain, it can result in a stroke, while blockage in the legs could lead to deep vein thrombosis. To mitigate these risks, patients with CVD are often prescribed anticoagulants like aspirin or warfarin; however, clotting is just one aspect of a multifaceted problem.
In summary
While advancements in medical techniques and medications target specific factors contributing to CVD, they often fail to consider the broader context. For instance, statins primarily address cholesterol production without aiding in the elimination of existing cholesterol. Moreover, some individuals may struggle with regular bowel movements, which is a significant concern given that about 16% of the global population experiences constipation.
Aspirin may help with clotting but does not facilitate the clearance of foam cell plaques. To maintain proper biochemical balance and prevent health issues, it's essential to focus on the underlying pathways in our bodies.
If we don't recognize our brokenness, we may remain unaware of our deteriorating health. To learn more about supporting heart health, check out resources like "10 Nutrients That Support A Healthy Heart."
Joel Yong, Ph.D., is a biochemical engineer/scientist, educator, and writer. He has authored five ebooks available on Amazon and co-authored six articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals. His work centers on strategies to enhance optimal biochemical functions in the human body at https://thethinkingscientist.substack.com.